NZARM Conference 2022

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Future NZ Catchments: Making sense of the complex

NZARM Conference - Future NZ Catchments: Making sense of the complex

NZARM members were finally able to reunite after numerous COVID-19 setbacks in 2022 in Wellington.

The conference theme, "Future NZ catchments - Making Sense of the Complex", held particular relevance as we stand on the cusp of significant changes in catchment management. Keynote speakers on the first day illuminated various topics including future innovations, freshwater collaboration, regulation, agricultural emissions pricing, finance, and plantation forestry. The second day featured a diverse array of exciting research and practical skills sessions, including the introduction of Masterclasses.

The field trip on the third day, a hallmark of NZARM conferences, brought discussions together and showcased developments in the Wellington region.


Below are the conference presentation recordings

Dr John Roche - Future innovations in the primary sector

Dr. John Roche (Chief Science Adviser at the New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) and Director of MPI On-Farm Support Services) discusses future innovations in the primary sector. John's presentation touched on the key insights below:

  • Farming has played a crucial role in human civilisation, and the primary sector is connected to many sustainable development goals, making it essential for addressing global challenges.
  • The scarcity of fresh water is a pressing issue, and it is crucial to recognise its value and take measures to preserve and manage this precious resource.
  • Meat alternatives are growing in demand, but there is still a significant market for traditional dairy and red meat products. The future of food will involve a combination of commodities, new foods, and modern regenerative foods.
  • Innovation in the primary sector should focus on making changes and trying new approaches rather than solely relying on technology. Change presents an opportunity for improvement and should be embraced.
  • Regenerative agriculture in New Zealand aims to achieve improved outcomes for productive landscapes, rivers, ecosystems, animal welfare, profitability, health, and well-being. It is a continuous journey of progress and innovation.

    Kelly Forster - He Waka Eke Noa - All you need to know

    Kelly Forster was previously the Programme Director for He Waka Eke Noa - The Primary Sector Climate Action Partnership. Kelly discussed the partnership's efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the agricultural sector.

    The He Waka Eke Noa partnership comprises 13 partners. It aims to reduce emissions and increase sequestration while maintaining a productive and competitive agriculture sector.

    The partnership's recommendations included:

    • A farm-level split gas levy.
    • Unique pricing for different greenhouse gas emissions.
    • Incentives for adopting mitigation technologies.

    These recommendations aim to reduce emissions while not compromising the productivity and competitiveness of the agriculture sector.

    Ongoing collaboration and communication between the partnership, government, and farmers are essential for successfully implementing the pricing system. Farmers need to be well supported and informed about the system, and the partnership will continue to provide guidance and assistance to farmers as they navigate the new framework.

    Elizabeth Heeg - NES-PF

    Dr Elizabeth Heeg, previously the Director of the Forestry System at the Ministry of Primary Industries, discussed the implementation of the National Environmental Standards for Plantation Forestry (now known as NES for Commercial Forestry) and the challenges and opportunities in the forestry sector.

    She emphasised the need for nuanced conversations around forestry and the importance of balancing environmental sustainability and local conditions. Elizabeth also highlighted the importance of building capability and knowledge in forestry risk management and the potential role of forests in the circular bio-economy.

    Thomas H. Mackay-Smith - Kanuka as a silvopastoral tree for low-producing hill country

    Thomas Mackay-Smith (Co-founder of Verdantia Research) presented his research on Kanuka as a silvopastoral tree for reducing hill country erosion at the NZARM Conference 2022.

    The study found significant improvements in soil conditions under Kanuka trees, including increased organic matter, nutrient concentration, and porosity. This suggested that Kanuka trees have a transformative effect on the agricultural environment, providing multiple benefits for soil health and nutrient cycling.

    The trial planting of Kanuka seedlings showed promising results, with high survival rates in some farms. However, the survival rate varied across different locations and climatic conditions. Understanding the factors influencing survival and growth rate will be crucial for the successful implementation of Kanuka as a silvopastoral tree in hill country.

    The successful establishment and growth of Kanuka seedlings in the trial demonstrate the feasibility of using Kanuka as a silvopastoral tree for erosion control. Kanuka's adaptability to hill country conditions and its potential for long-term growth make it a promising candidate for sustainable land management strategies.

    Living Water - Applying Solutions at Scale - Sarah Yarrow and Katie Collins

    Katie Collins and Sarah Yarrow presented on behalf of Living Water.

    Sarah Yarrow (National Manager of the Living Water partnership) and Katie Collins (Freshwater Technical Advisor at the Department of Conservation) presented on the Living Water partnership between the Department of Conservation and Fonterra, which aimed to trial tools and solutions for freshwater and dairy farming.

    The presentation demonstrated the focus on farm-scale and catchment-scale tools, including mitigations, modelling, planning, and social change tools.

    Sarah and Katie explored the Awaroa catchment, a case study that showcased a co-designed approach to the lowland waterway network. This approach incorporated ecological and cultural values alongside drainage functions.

    Stan Braaksma - Right Tree in the Right Place, for the Right Reason


    Stan Braaksma (former Land Management Officer at Greater Wellington Regional Council) presented a masterclass on the topic, 'Right Tree in the Right Place for the Right Reason'.

    Stan emphasised the following reasons that are needed to be understood prior to planting trees across New Zealand:

    • The physical features and climate of a site is crucial in selecting the right tree species. Factors such as soil type, geology, moisture, and erosion severity significantly influence tree growth and success.
    • Proper tree management and maintenance are essential for long-term success. This includes considering tree spacing, protection measures, and regular pruning to ensure healthy growth and prevent issues like branch breakage.
    • The selection of tree species should be based on their suitability for the site's conditions and the intended purpose. Factors like growth rate, timber quality, carbon sequestration, and habitat suitability should be considered.
    • Integrated planning, which combines different tree species and land uses, can effectively address erosion, enhance biodiversity, and maximise economic benefits.
    • For successful tree planting, ongoing research and learning are necessary. Nursery practices, genetic diversity, and climate change adaptation should also be considered.
    • The clients' stages of life and risk tolerance. Clients may have different goals and priorities, such as erosion control, timber production, or habitat restoration.

    Sarah Nolan - Hoteo Sediment Reduction Project

    Sarah, a Senior Healthy Waters Specialist for the Auckland Council's Healthy Water department, presented on the Hoteo Sediment Reduction Project.

    The Hoteo Sediment Reduction Project aims to tackle erosion and sediment issues in the Hoteo River system through a holistic approach, integrating geomorphology and Maori knowledge. This alignment recognises the environment's interconnectedness and the importance of restoring balance.

    Sarah emphasised that collaboration and partnerships are crucial for the project's success. Working with local iwi, industry partners, and landowners allows for a comprehensive approach to erosion mitigation, with a focus on finding replicable solutions that consider each area's specific needs.

    The project goes beyond traditional mitigation techniques like fencing and planting. It explores innovative methods such as bank betterment and utilising fallen trees and rocks to protect vulnerable areas of the riverbanks. Techniques like this aim to reduce erosion rates and maintain the natural flow of the waterway.

    The Hoteo Sediment Reduction Project showcases the importance of integrating cultural monitoring and traditional knowledge into environmental projects. By involving Maori partners in the monitoring and maintenance of the project, there is a recognition of their expertise and a commitment to upholding cultural values and practices. This approach ensures ongoing engagement and benefits for all parties involved.

    Duncan Kervell and Stephanie Versteeg - Kaipara Moana Remediation - Change at scale


    Duncan Kervell     (Kaipara Moana Remediation Programme: Land Management Specialist) and Stephanie Versteeg (Amo-Rautaki Pakihi (Strategic Business Manager) with the Kaipara Moana Remediation programme) discussed their work in the Kaipara catchment, focusing on reducing sediment and restoring the harbour.

    Sediment contamination is a significant issue in the Kaipara catchment, and addressing it requires a catchment-based approach and prioritisation of interventions.The KMR program recognises the need for trained personnel to conduct farm visits, provide advice, and ensure the effective allocation of resources to help address sediment contamination.

    Steph and Duncan highlighted the importance of partnerships, local knowledge, and technical innovation in achieving their goals. They recognised that technical innovation and social-cultural-behavioural change are equally important in achieving the program's goals, highlighting the need for targeted investments and community engagement.

    Quorum Sense - Regenerative Agriculture and Soil Health

    Sam Lang, Sam Hogg and Dylan Ditchfield presented a masterclass on behalf of Quorum Sense.

    The session focused on regenerative agriculture and soil health, and Quorum Sense shared their experiences with regenerative farming practices.

    Key insights included:

    • Farmer-led initiatives and practical solutions can drive regenerative agriculture by focusing on outcomes rather than rules and integrating ecology and microbiology to improve farm practices, this approach allows for innovation and knowledge sharing among farmers.
    • Soil health is a critical aspect of regenerative agriculture. It underpins the productivity and resilience of food systems. Educating farmers about soil health principles and their impact on overall farm performance is crucial for sustainable agriculture.
    • Transitioning to regenerative farming practices requires careful planning and a shift in mindset. Farmers need to consider factors such as stocking rates, plant diversity, and nutrient management to achieve sustainable and profitable outcomes.
    • Collaboration and knowledge sharing within the regenerative farming community are essential for driving innovation and overcoming challenges. Farmers can learn from each other's experiences, share best practices, and support one another in transitioning to regenerative practices.

    The regenerative farming movement is characterised by a sense of community and a collective commitment to sustainable agriculture.

    Thomas Stephens - Freshwater Accounting: Boring or key to unlocking value in Freshwater Farm Planning?

    Tom Stephens, former principal scientist at Auckland Council, discussed the importance of accounting in managing water quality.

    Tom explained that accounting and process-based modelling can lead to significant cost savings in implementing water quality improvement actions. By identifying the most cost-effective interventions and optimising their implementation, desired water quality outcomes can be achieved while minimising financial burdens on ratepayers.

    Managing short-lived contaminant pulses during periods of water quality degradation is a key focus. It allows for a targeted approach to address the specific windows of concern for ratepayers, ensuring they can swim safely and minimising the impact of water quality issues.

    Collaborating and involving a diverse group of national and international researchers are critical in developing accounting tools and systems for water quality management to help ensure a robust scientific foundation and incorporate innovative approaches in addressing water quality challenges.

    Catchment Management and What Makes Successful Catchment Groups

    Tash Styles, Josh Brown and Richard Johns presented a masterclass on Catchment Management and What Makes Successful Catchment Groups.

    The presenters emphasised the need for true partnership and commitment and highlighted the challenges and lessons learned by existing catchment groups.

    Key insights included:

    • Partnership and commitment: Successful catchment groups require true partnership and commitment from all stakeholders. Fake Collaboration and limited commitment will not lead to successful catchment management.
    • Evolving catchment groups: Catchment groups have been around for a long time, but their relationships with regional councils have changed with increased funding from the central government. Catchment groups need to adapt to changes and navigate the evolving funding landscape.
    • Funding challenges: Catchment groups have seen a massive boost in funding, but it is not sustainable at the same level. They need to be prepared for reduced funding and find ways to continue their work. Sustainability and long-term planning are key.
    • Momentum and succession planning: Catchment groups need to keep the momentum going and plan for succession. Having passionate and committed individuals, clear roles and responsibilities, and building relationships within the community are crucial for long-term success.
    • Individual contributions: Everyone has a role in catchment management, even if they are not directly involved in catchment groups. Being a trusted connector, providing support and resources, and leveraging existing expertise can contribute to successful catchment management.

    George Hobson - Young person's perspective

    George Hobson, a young person studying law and science, discussed the importance of nature and the power of resource management in protecting it. He emphasised the urgent need for action to address the climate and biodiversity crisis and called for strong national direction, bold implementation, effective enforcement, and accessible consultation in resource management. He challenged decision-makers to be courageous and prioritise nature for future generations.

    Chris Phillips - Erosion and sediment control: how do we assess effectiveness? -

    Chris Phillips (Senior Scientist at Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research) discussed the assessment of the effectiveness and performance of erosion and sediment control measures in New Zealand.

    Chris noted that "effectiveness" and "performance" are often used interchangeably but have distinct definitions. Effectiveness measures the achievement of desired outcomes, while performance quantifies sediment reduction.

    Current data on the performance of erosion and sediment control measures in New Zealand is limited, making it challenging to determine their effectiveness in different environments. Chris mentioned that the development of the framework to assess erosion and sediment control effectiveness has been an iterative process, with version one being too complex. Version two focused on simplicity and guiding the assessment process.

    Chris concluded that ongoing research, including economic analysis and the development of event-based modelling, will further enhance the understanding and effectiveness of erosion and sediment control measures in New Zealand.